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Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins are made up of long chains of different amino acids which are linked together. There are twenty major amino acids that make up proteins. Only the amino acids that have an effect on the body when taken as a supplement will be discussed.
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain, producing a calming effect. GABA increases levels of serotonin and dopamine which are neurotransmitters that reduce stress.
Homocysteine is extremely toxic if it builds up within the body. High homocysteine levels is a major risk factor for heart disease. Vitamin B6, B12, and folic acid help convert homocysteine into glutathione, a valuable antioxidant.
Taurine affects the release of neurotransmitters in the brain. Taurine is not needed in the diet because it can be produced from methioine and vitamin B6.
Methionine is necessary to make taurine if there is not enough dietary intake. It is also necessary to make creatine.
Carnitine is found primarily in red meat, but a supplement is needed to obtain therapeutic dosages. It is responsible for the transformation of fat into energy within muscle cells. In addition to improving fat metabolism, it can also lower triglyceride and cholesterol levels. It has also been shown to reduce agina, which is chest pain from decreased blood flow to the heart.
Arginine is a naturally occurring amino acid found in proteins. The body uses it to produce nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is a powerful antioxidant, thus eliminating free radicals and preventing cancer. Nitric oxide is important for maintaining healthy blood vessels. It relaxes and dilates blood vessels, helping to increase blood flow to vital organs, such as the heart. Topical arginine has been shown to increase blood flow to the feet and toes of diabetics. Arginine has been shown to improve growth hormone function. Arginine has also been used for baldness, sagging breasts, and increasing libido without documented studies proving its benefit.
Citrulline is typically found in melons. It is responsible for the production of more arginine.
Phenylalanine supplements may help elevate mood.
Glutamine, glycine, lysine, arginine, and ornithine increase growth hormone production.
Tryptophan and 5-hydroxytrptophan increase serotonin levels
Phenylalanine and tyrosine increase levels of dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.
Theanine is an amino acid found in tea leaves. Theanine has relaxing properties that can ward off stress. Theanine also increases GABA which give an additional calming effect.
Glutathione is a strong antioxidant responsible for neutralizing free radicals. Vitamin C boosts glutathione levels.
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